Drug Pipeline

A post-hoc analysis of the large, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Physicians' Health Study found that the use of low-dose aspirin (ASA) on alternating days reduced the risk of adult-onset asthma by a statistically significant 22%.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) found that women who discontinued alendronate after 5 years demonstrated a moderate decline in bone mineral density (BMD) and a gradual increase in serum markers of bone turnover compared with women who continued taking alendronate for an additional 5 years, but mean levels among patients who discontinued therapy remained at or above baseline levels measured 10 years earlier. In addition, no greater fracture risk other than for clinically detected vertebral fractures was seen in the discontinuation group compared with patients who continued alendronate for 10 years.

The duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus clopidogrel) following drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation has been a source of much recent debate. FDA currently recommends either 3 or 6 months of clopidogrel therapy following DES implantation, depending on the type of stent used.

In a large, nested case-control study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was demonstrated to be associated with a 44% to 165% increase in the risk of hip fracture in patients aged >50 years.

Concern over possible valvulopathy with the use of certain ergot-derived dopamine agonists is further supported by 2 studies published in The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) regarding the incidence of cardiac-valve regurgitation in patients taking these types of drugs, which are FDA-approved to treat Parkinson disease and hyperprolactinemia and sometimes used off-label to treat restless legs syndrome.

Methscopolamine tablets, 2.5 mg (equiv to Pamine tablets)

Intramuscular injectable formulation of atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, manic or mixed

Incretin mimetic approved as adjunctive therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus not adequately controlled by a thiazolidinedione

Antibiotic approved for the prophylaxis of surgical site infection following elective colorectal surgery

Bronchodilators play an important role in the management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although bronchodilators do not prevent the decline in lung function in patients with COPD, their efficacy in improving disease-related symptoms, reducing the frequency and severity of disease exacerbations, and improving patients' quality of life has been demonstrated in clinical trials. Arformoterol, the (R,R)-enantiomer of the selective beta2-agonist formoterol, is a potent, highly specific, nebulized long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist recently approved by FDA for the long-term maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In 2 large, 12-week, phase 3 studies, arformoterol demonstrated an efficacy superior to that of placebo and comparable to that of salmeterol in patients with COPD. In these trials, arformoterol was well tolerated, with a safety profile similar to that of other inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists when used at..

Schizophrenia is a chronic disease usually diagnosed when patients are in their mid- to late 20s; therefore, patients may receive decades of exposure to antipsychotic agents over their lifetime. Whenever long-term pharmacotherapy is required for a disease, the cardiovascular implications of that therapy need to be considered. This fact was recently highlighted by the removal of the cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors rofecoxib and valdecoxib from the US market because of marked elevations in cardiovascular risk.

In an 80-to-11 vote in December 2006, the US Senate confirmed Andrew von Eschenbach, MD, as commissioner of FDA. The nomination process included multiple holds by members of both political parties, which delayed his confirmation.

Five of the nation's largest employers plan to offer employees access to their own portable electronically based medical records that they can use when they travel, see a new doctor, or change jobs to retain information about their healthcare, including medications.

When used for their approved indications, drug-eluting stents (DES) probably do not increase the risk of death or myocardial infarction (MI) compared with bare metal stents (BMS), an FDA advisory panel concluded at a meeting in Gaithersburg, Md, last month.

The chronic and excessive use of alcohol adversely affects the healthcare system, work productivity, and familial and social relationships. Alcohol misuse accounts for 85,000 deaths per year in the United States, and the overall financial costs related to alcohol dependence are more than $100 billion annually. The reduction of alcohol misuse can be measured as an increase in the frequency of abstinence or a reduction in the frequency of relapses. The recommendation for alcohol dependence treatment is a combination of psychosocial support therapy and pharmacologic treatment. Currently, there are only 3 FDA-approved agents for the treatment of alcohol dependence: naltrexone, acamprosate, and disulfiram.

Data indicate that oral rifaximin can prevent recurrences of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) in patients treated previously with vancomycin, said presenters at the American College of Gastroenterology Annual Scientific Meeting (ACG) in Las Vegas, Nev.

A once-daily formulation of mesalamine that relies on multimatrix (MMX) technology is effective at inducing and maintaining remission in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), with no significant gender difference in the response rate, according to studies presented at Digestive Disease Week (DDW) 2006 in Los Angeles, Calif, and at the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Annual Scientific Meeting in Las Vegas, Nev.

Certolizumab and adalimumab demonstrated efficacy in inducing and maintaining response in patients with Crohn's disease who have lost response or are intolerant to infliximab, reported researchers at the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Annual Scientific Meeting in Las Vegas, Nev.

A transdermal rivastigmine patch is as effective as twice-daily oral treatment and is associated with 3 times fewer reports of nausea and vomiting, according to results of the Investigation of Transdermal Exelon in Alzheimer's Disease (IDEAL) trial reported at the 131st Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association in Chicago, Ill.

Fingolimid, an investigational oral agent, significantly reduces disease activity and the number of relapses among patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), according to phase 2 results presented at the 131st Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association in Chicago, Ill.

Combination therapy with ezetimibe and simvastatin for 6 weeks provides greater reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared with rosuvastatin at the usual starting, next highest, and maximum doses of each drug, according to a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter trial published in the journal Current Medical Research and Opinion.

A new substudy of the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT–LLA) published recently in the European Heart Journal found a potentially synergistic cardioprotective interaction between amlodipine and atorvastatin.

According to an observational study recently published in the American Journal of Cardiology, use of a statin was associated with a 46% decrease in patients' odds of death compared with the risk of death in those not receiving a statin, despite the fact that statin users were in general at a higher risk for death. Furthermore, the magnitude of the observed mortality benefit associated with statin use appeared to increase as a patient's number of coronary heart disease risk factors increased.

A large, propensity score-adjusted cohort study recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) demonstrated that statins were associated with a statistically significant reduction in the risks of death and hospitalization for heart failure when administered to patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Although the ability of statins to lower cholesterol and prevent coronary heart disease in the general population is well known, the current finding that statins can reduce both morbidity and mortality in this broad CHF population is novel.

Paroxetine oral suspension 10 mg/5 mL equiv base (equiv to Paxil oral suspension 10 mg/5 mL equiv base)