
In Some Parts of the United States, health plans have observed a growing trend of hospital-based provider groups, such as radiologists, pathologists, anesthesiologists, and emergency room physicians refusing to contract with health benefit plans. When a health plan enrollee seeks services from an in-network hospital in order to obtain lower out-of-pocket costs (for a PPO product) or full benefits (for an HMO product), the enrollee can be hit with a large, unexpected bill from the provider.

