

Drug Watch: Agents in late-stage development for the treatment of HIV and AIDS (February 2009) (PDF)
Agents in late-stage development for the treatment of HIV and AIDS


Agents in late-stage development for the treatment of HIV and AIDS

Recent FDA action (through February 2009) related to asenapine, certolizumab, olanzapine long-acting injection, ustekinumab, oritavancin, rotigotine, and vigabatrin

Confusing drug names, or "look-alike/sound-alike names" (LASAs), are among the most common reasons for medication errors worldwide; these errors can lead to both morbidity and mortality. Both technological innovations and better communication can help healthcare professionals track and prevent these medication mix-ups.

Among members of the new administration, congressional leaders, payors, and providers, many are eager to transform the nation's healthcare system to curb unnecessary spending and make coverage more fair and efficient. A chief problem is that the US healthcare bill keeps increasing faster than the rest of the economy, with little to show in the way of quality improvement.

Dronedarone, an investigational antiarrhythmic agent being studied for the management of AF and atrial flutter, has a pharmacologic mechanism of action that is similar to that of amiodarone, but dronedarone lacks an iodine moiety, which may result in less thyroid and pulmonary toxicity. Dronedarone is currently pending FDA approval; the agent was granted priority review in August 2008.

The challenge of controlling HIV in patients with resistance to antiretrovirals has contributed to accelerated research into treatments with novel antiretroviral activity.

Recent FDA approvals (through Feburary 2009) related to Vasovist, Lusedra, Zingo, Latisse, Gleevec, Nexterone, Zolpimist, Trilipix, Ryzolt, Epiduo, and AllerNaze

New molecular entity: Plerixafor (Mozobil), a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer, was approved on December 15, 2008, for mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells for autologous transplantation in patients with NHL and MM

New molecular entity: Degarelix, a GnRH receptor antagonist, was approved on December 24, 2008, for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer

New molecular entity: Milnacipran (Savella), a selective norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was approved on January 14, 2009, for the management of fibromyalgia

For the last few years, FDA has struggled with a depleted workforce, obsolete information technology (IT), and, according to its advisory Science Board, a weak science base. A new administration and new FDA leadership may provide an opportunity for change.

In newly released guidance for industry regarding good reprint practices for the distribution of journal articles and reference publications on off-label uses of approved drugs, FDA states that distribution of such materials is acceptable if the publications meet certain criteria for objectivity.

After completing a review of the final clinical study report from the Effect of Combination Ezetimibe and High-Dose Simvastatin vs. Simvastatin Alone on the Atherosclerotic Process in Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (ENHANCE) trial, FDA stated that treatment with ezetimibe/simvastatin (Vytorin, Merck/Schering-Plough) did not result in significant changes in carotid artery thickness compared with simvastatin (Zocor, Merck), but the combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin did lead to significantly greater decreases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol compared with simvastatin alone.

A meta-analysis published in the Journal of the American Medical Association demonstrated an association between antidepressants and improvements in pain, depression, fatigue, sleep, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).

Not so long ago, medically underserved rural communities had only limited options, if any, when need arose for healthcare services and pharmaceutical support. That situation is finally changing, as necessity and technology converge in emerging applications of telepharmacy, the delivery of pharmaceutical care by means of telecommunications and information technologies to patients at a distance from large, usually urban tertiary healthcare centers.

Several blockbuster drugs will fight to hold onto their top spots in 2009 as new products come before FDA for marketing approval, reported Brian W. Kolling, PharmD, at a recent meeting of the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP) in Kansas City, Mo. Key therapies to watch as they move through the pipeline include medications for cardiovascular (CV) disorders, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, respiratory disease, and diabetes.

Outpatient pharmacologic management of ACS using antiplatelet therapy; Focus on sugammadex; Drug Watch: Agents in late-stage development for the treatment of depression and generalized anxiety disorder

New molecular entity: Eltrombopag (Promacta), a TPO receptor agonist, was approved on November 20, 2008, for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic ITP.

Recent FDA action (through January 2009) related to ceftobiprole, oblimersen, motavizumab, rufinamide, febuxostat, telavancin, and ecallantide

Generic drugs approved by FDA (through January 2009) including rocuronium injection and budesonide inhalation suspension

Recent FDA approvals (through January 2009) related to Banzel, tapentadol, synthetic conjugated estrogens-A, and Ranexa

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a series of heart conditions associated with myocardial ischemia.

Sugammadex is a novel, first-in-class, selective relaxant binding agent that encapsulates the nondepolarizing aminosteroid muscle relaxants rocuronium and vecuronium, reversing and preventing their neuromuscular block (NMB) action. Clinical trials have demonstrated that sugammadex is effective in reversing both rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced NMB, and the agent has been well tolerated in studies.

Agents in late-stage development for the treatment of depression and generalized anxiety disorder

The Federal Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in a 2 to 1 decision held that New Hampshire's Prescription Information Law "that among other things prohibited certain transfer of physicians' prescribing histories for use in detailing" regulates conduct, not speech, thereby removing "the challenged portions of the statute from the proscriptions of the First Amendment."

FDA announced that the agency is evaluating data from a clinical study in which all-cause mortality was increased among patients treated with tinzaparin (Innohep, Celgene) versus patients treated with unfractionated heparin (UFH).